Land use planning in rural areas is tantamount to spatial planning of land use and distribution of land uses and evaluates the type of land use commensurate with its capacities. Today, seeking to achieve goals such as balanced distribution of land use, land use planning based on two principles of land development values and improve quality of life, in order to achieve goals such as balanced distribution of land uses, mitigation of use of land uses, compliance, dependency, dependency and use capacity. The present research method is descriptive-analytic and for examining the qualitative evaluation of tourism applications from four fit matrices, compliance, capacity and matrix dependency matrix, and questionnaire presented by 48 local experts were completed. The results show that among the existing applications, the highest score obtained has been allocated to the use of the main network of main roads within the village with a value of 3. 47 and the least to the use of historical water storage with a value of 2. 32. Also, among the studied villages, it was determined that the village of Nuchah with a score of 3. 45 in the best condition and the village of Hear-e-Sorkh with a mean value of 3. 03 was the lowest. Also, among the four matrices, it was found that the capacity matrix with the value of 2. 74, the utility with the value of 3. 84, the dependency matrix with the value of 2. 54 and the matrix of compatibility with the value of 3. 85.

One of the main and important tasks of planners in rural areas is to allocate land for various uses according to the role and function and the impact of each use on the others. In fact, the ultimate goal of land use planning is to create a kind of environmental balance and social justice in the process of development of residential areas. Land use planning should address quality objectives such as security, adaptability, landscape and sense of dependence on the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of rural land-uses in tourism destinations in terms of public safety, landscape, comfort and convenience. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this study, eight tourist destinations in Binaloud county were selected and the degree of adaptation was divided into three matrices: 1-Comfort and convenience, 2-Public safety 3-Landscape and view between 49 land-uses among rural experts and the studied villages in a range categorized from fully compatible to completely incompatible. The results showed that all the studied villages are in a comparable situation in terms of adaptability. In the public safety matrix, religious use with an average of 4. 16 is in the first place and historical use with an average of 3. 25 is in the last place. In the landscape and perspective matrix, religious use with an average of 3. 73 ranks first and industrial-workshop use with 1. 35 is in the last ranking. In the comfort and convenience matrix, the use of access network and passages with an average of 4. 26 is in the first place and the historical use with an average of 3. 10 is in the last place. In general, in terms of compatibility, educational land-use with 3. 82 is in the first place, and historical use with 3. 25 is in the last place.

Introduction The environment is the place we live, work, and play; it supplies the most basic human needs, as it is a thing that is becoming increasingly important every day. However, during his dominance over the earth, human beings have consumed the resources indiscriminately and in an unplanned manner. Many of the threats made against human society are merely associated with environmental issues. Although these threats have a non-security nature, in fact, they affect the national security of the countries. As human societies are facing with the growing trend of environmental degradation, it is essential to set some measures for environmental management and other critical resources. Therefore, to prevent irreversible damage to renewable sources, long-term management is a necessity. As rural areas play an important role in production, employment, within the geographical borders and population, they should have a special place in the development of the country. Climate changes and global warming, desertification and lack of fresh water are among the issues the study seeks to investigate. Proper management is essential for the protection of rural areas, but there are some challenges that the current study have tried to examine. The main question is: what are the main challenges in managing environmental resources in the study area? Study Area Binaloud County (Torghabeh Shandiz) with an area of 1185. 26 km2 is located in the center of Khorasan Razavi province, northeastern Iran and has a population of 69, 640 people. Based on the latest administrative divisions of Iran, this county consists of two districts (Torghabeh and Shandiz) and four Dehestans (rural districts) including Jaghraq, Torghabeh, Abardeh and Shandiz. The county has 52 villages with a total population of 34, 653 people in 10, 905 rural households. Material and Methods The study is an applied one, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. To answer the research questions, we reviewed the literature and comments made by experts, and accordingly formulated the standards and features of effective environmental resources management. After setting the boundaries of the study area, the data was collected. The next step in the research process was to identify and verify the classification of the factors, and to explore the interrelationship between the indicators based on their effects on each other. Data analysis was conducted by Analytic Network Process (ANP), in which after discovering the inter-relations between indicators, similar to AHP method, the weight of the indicators must be determined compared to the target group, and the weight of each sub-indicator is determined compared to the relevant indicators. This was performed by designing questionnaires that were completed by 22 certified experts. According to their responses, the appropriate weight of each criteria and sub-criteria were determined. Results and Discussion The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a multi-criteria decision making technique. Given the complexity of various environmental issues, ANP may produce better results. Looking at the related literature, the criteria and indicators were organized into 10 clusters. Within each cluster, relevant elements and criteria were divided. While elements of each cluster are interconnected, some of them may also be associated with elements of other clusters. According to the diagrams and table of the final weight of clusters, it was concluded that challenges in the cluster of laws and regulations with an impact factor of 0. 237, is the biggest challenge to the management of environmental resources. Monitoring cluster was the second challenge affecting the management of environmental resources in the study area. The findings showed that issues such as lack of legal mechanism for the protection of environmental resources, weak laws and regulations on investment, lack of transparency of investment rules on environmental resources, and access to resources, services and facilities in rural areas and environmental degradation, a subset of performance cluster, is the least significant challenge to the management of environmental resources which has the impact factor of 0. 037. The challenges related to economic issues and personal skills have the second and third least impact factors, respectively. Conclusion In this study, using ANP the authors analyzed the challenges for managing environmental resources and identified indicators which are among the most important challenges in managing environmental resources. Challenges, including the lack of screening in accessing the effects of environmental resources, lack of deterrence and executive guarantees of environmental regulations in evaluation of natural resources, lack of expert instructions for environmental assessment of the projects, lack of reform in making use of natural resources and curbing the unstable factors, lack of clarity about environmental resources on land use planning and its legal status are the most important challenges. On the other hand, lack of legal mechanisms for protecting the environmental resources, weak laws and regulations on investment, lack of transparency in investment rules about environmental resources, access to resources, services and facilities in rural areas and environmental degradation are the least important challenges to the management of environmental resources. Accordingly, in this study, it is recommended that the Environmental Protection Agency in collaboration with other stakeholders, evaluate the efficiency of environmental laws and regulations, and report the performance, efficiency and achievement of legislations based on the indicators of environmental quality, and present it with suggestions for updating and promoting their efficiency. The following could be among the responsibilities of the government towards the deployment of an environmental resources management system: to achieve consensus and coordination in various sectors of industry and production; to set priorities in development, completion, and promoting the regulations; to impose limitations or bans on the indiscriminate and irresponsible consumption of natural resources; to define research projects to develop standards and guidelines; to formulate and implement comprehensive programs of quality management and environmental resources; to review the laws and regulations on protecting the environment and quality of resources; to make managers sensitive to issues of environmental resources and their improper use; to employ academic and practical methods to manage resource consumption; to develop a risk management plan for resources against natural disasters; to assess the environmental impact of projects.

The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of tourism development on land use changes in rural areas. The development of tourism activities results in massive structural change in rural areas with natural attractions. A descriptive-analytical method is adopted by the present study. Based on the literature review, a questionnaire was formulated and completed by 356 villagers in 10 touristy villages of Binaloud county. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, including T-test to compare the mean of indices, Pearson correlation and regression model. Also the villages were ranked by Vickor multi-criteria programming method to assess the changes occurred in their land use. Results indicated that there is a significant correlation between the presence of tourists and four components of: 1-physical changes, 2-incentives for more land use changes, 3-structural and communication changes and 4-economic changes in rural areas. The regression results revealed that a considerable part of the dependent variable (land use change) is explained by the independent variable (the tourists). Also, the results of the ranking of the studied villages in terms of the impact of land use changes on tourism indicated that three villages namely: MayanOlia, Mayansofla and Mayanvosta have experienced more land use changes than the others.

Renovation projects are among the most important tools for interferencing the organization of developmental activities and the physical expansion of villages which result in the improvement of living conditions in rural areas. Such projects provide grounds for a series of public services. They facilitate communication, life flow, and organization of construction activities in villages. They have preserved rural life and have improved the life quality in rural areas. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of physical renewation on the quality of rural life in villages of Torghabeh and Shandiz (Binaloud county). The research method was descriptive-analytical and based on nature it was an applicable research. Documentary and field methods were used for data collection. The statistical population of this research included 10 villages in which physical renovation projects were conducted. Also, 131 out of 3724 households were selected as a sample for the present study. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for determining the reliability of the questionnaire. It was equaled to 0. 812 for all indicators which confirmed the suitability of the research tool. Descriptive statistics (standard deviation, mean and coefficient of variation) and inferential statistics (single sample and analysis of variance) were used for data analysis. Vikor model was applied for classification of villages based on their life quality indexes. The results of one-sample t-test showed that among the indicators, employment and activity status with an average of (3. 702), credit attraction and cost reduction (3. 44), reduction of environmental changes (3. 33) and preservation of architectural style (3. 26) have had the most impacts on the life quality of the studied villages, respectively. Also, the Vikor model showed that the village of Dehbar (0. 68) placed at the highest level of ranking, and the villages of Dehno (0. 98) and Nagorno (0. 97) possessed the lowest rank of the rate of renoation effects on the life quality improvements at the studied villages.

The physical environment form of a settlement is an effective factor in formation the security sense for its residents. The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of sprawl on the sense of physical security in rural settlements of Binaloud county based on CPTED approach. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable, and based on methodology it is a descriptive analytical research. Statistical sample includes 190 rural households selected from all 5766 households resided in 8 villages of Binaloud county. The sample was selected by stratified random method. The results showed that road quality index with a mean of 3.05 had the least effect on creating the sense of security among the villagers. In contrast, the indices of vegetation (with a mean of 3.35), grading and density (with a mean of 3.26) and natural or informal monitoring (with a mean of 3.24), had a greater impact on promoting the sense of security among the residents. According to Pearson correlation results, there is a significant and indirect relationship between the sprawl and the sense of physical security with a coefficient of -0.2. The results of the path analysis indicated that spatial-physical index with the coefficient of influence of -0.354 had the greatest direct impact on sense of physical security. Subsequently, we calculated the indirect coefficients of the independent variables on the main dependent variable in the four stages of path analysis and investigated the total direct and indirect effects. As a result, the spatial-temporal index with the coefficient of influence of 0.354, and then the social index with the coefficient of influence of 0.142 and the environmental index with the coefficient of influence of -0.129 had the greatest effects on developing the sense of physical security respectively.

One of the effective indicators in shaping the sense of security is the style of rural architecture. In recent years, rural housing has undergone many changes through processes influenced by internal and external forces. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of modern architectural style on the physical security of rural settlements in Binalood, based on the CPTED approach. The present research is aimed at "applied" and in terms of the method and nature of "descriptive-analytical". In this research to assess the physical security of villagers and the style of modern architecture of Residents 8 villages in Binalood city were questioned. Out of a total of 6497 households in rural areas, a sample size of Cochran formula with a 0. 07% error, was selected for 190 households by stratified random sampling. The results of the study showed that the road quality index in the sample villages had an unfavorable condition with an average of 3. 05 and has had the least impact on creating the sense of security of the villagers. In contrast, vegetation index (with a mean of 3. 35) was more favorable and have had a greater impact on the sense of security of the inhabitants. Also, changes in the style of modern architecture in the studied villages on the resistance index of housing with a mean of 3. 14 had the highest effect and the index of organic architecture compliance with an average of 2. 89 was considered less. According to Pearson's correlation results, there is a significant and direct relation (0. 337) between modern architectural style and physical security sensation. The results of path analysis indicate that the architectural design index with the coefficient of influence of 0. 253 has the highest direct effect on the physical safety feel.

Binaloud basin is located in the center of Khorasan-e Razavi province, namely between Binaloud to the north and Central Iran geological zones to the south. It is influenced by tectonical and erosional factors. The controlling major and minor faults trend mainly NW- SE.  Due to rock type and tectonic activity, the studied area is a plain.  The existence of ophiolite units caused that the main rivers are of subsequent type. Also due to lithological properties, the most drainage patterns are of dendritic type.  Binaloud basin includes two large subbasins, namely Baz-e-Hour and Kal-e-Siah, each one consisting of various geomorphological phenomena. Those phenomena that have been identified in Baz-e-Hour and its subbasins (Qareh-Cheh) are landslide, badland, talus, rills and gullies. The last two features are responsible for transporting the most sediment into the basins, whereas in Kal-e-Siah basin, mass movement and slumping are the main sediments. The geomorphic studies could help detailed identification of the sediment supply areas, and their transportation ways.

The low quality of life in rural areas and, as a result, the migration of rural people to cities has led to numerous social, economic and environmental problems in rural areas and in cities. Accordingly, the aim is to identify the relationship between the vitality of the villagers and the existence of rural public spaces,Investigating the necessity of forming and paying attention to public spaces in villages and identifying the relationship and effect between the existence of rural public spaces and the mental quality of life of villagers. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied. Library and survey studies have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the study includes 9 villages of Binaloud County. In order to estimate the sample size in rural households, 190 people were obtained from Cochran sampling method with an error level of 7% according to the share of rural population. The collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS and GIS software and one-sample t-test, regression test and Pearson correlation test were used to prove and disprove the hypotheses. Findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the role of public spaces in improving the quality of life of villagers in the sample villages. However, according to the villagers, the vitality level of rural public spaces in general with an average of 2. 49 and quality of life with an average of 2. 45 is low in the sample villages and in the villages of Upper Abareh, Virani and Jagharq, the vitality of public spaces and Jagharq, Zoshk and Dehnov villages, the mental quality of life has the highest level. The study of the effect of vitality indices in rural public spaces showed that 39% of the changes in the mental quality of life in the sample villages depend on the vitality indices in rural public spaces. The social vitality index (with an impact factor of 0. 292) also has the greatest impact.

1. INTRODUCTIONToday, sustainability of rural and urban settlements and their population in developing world is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. However, today due to development of urbanization, the rural areas have undergone many changes. These changes have been concurrent with the developing process of urbanization and unorganized expansion of cities on the one hand, and the decreasing significance of rural settlements on the other hand. Therefore, considering the importance of an appropriate new model of living and in line with the sustainability of rural settlements, this paper aims to investigate the capabilities of creating an urban village in the villages of Jagharq, in rural district of Torghabeh, Binalood County. Accordingly, the main research questions are: What are the opportunities in - creating an urban village in the villages of the study area? What are the weaknesses and threats constituted by villages in creating a model of an urban village?